Method of making dental records



R. L. HANAU Oct. 23, 1928. 1,688,492

METHOD OF MAKING DENTAL RECORDS Filed June 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 i8 lg 10 15 22 7''?11 doqzk WZI M/QIzau, IN VEN TOR,

A TTbR/VE Y.

R. L. HANAU METH-OD OF MAKING DENTAL RECORDS Oct. 23, 1928. 1,688,492

PiledJune 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I I I I ZuaZOZ zZ/I. Ian/aw, IN VE N TOR,

ATTORNEY.

7 Fatentecl Oct. 23, 1928.

UNITED TA RUDOLPH L. HANAU, or BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

Mansion OF MAKING DENTAL nnconns.

Application filed June 3, 1925. Serial No. 34,718.

My invention relates to. methodsiofpre paring and registering records. of maxillomandibular relation for mounting casts on and adjusting dental articulators. I V

The use of occlusal rims andth'e making of wax records are not new in the art to whichthis invention pertains. It has been common practice, in malring dental records to direct a patient to bite into a body of wax or similar substance formed of layers or arranged in bulk form all along the ridge or in a series of separate bodies, preferably one at each heel of the rim and one in the anterior portion; such wax or similar bodies being ordinarily attached to more resistive bases, thus forming the occlusal rims which serve as dummies or patterns for a future;

prosthetic denture.

It has also been common practice to interpose layers of wax between occlusalriins, full natural dentures, and partial-dentures complemented by partial occlusal rims, when making bite records intended to effect maxillo-mandibula'r registrations.

The action of biting into wax, or similar material, is coincident or attended with the application of muscular forces. The magnitude, direction and point or points of applica-.

tion of these forces is notcontrollable bythe patient, nor the dentist. It is quite apparent thatthe dentist does not know the magnitude, direction, northe eXa-ctpoint or points of application of force during the act of biting, and conform toa specified force.

It is also generally understood that it is .dilficult,if not entirely impossible, to'have the wax chill uniformly so that its resistance to a biting force remains even all along the bitingsurfaces; and'it' is furthermore not generally understood,'norconsidered, that.

a relative change of position occurs between the dentures, or their equivalents, and consequently between the supporting mandible and maxilla, respectively, on account ofp'ressure a )plied to full or partial prosthetic restorations resting upon resillent supporting us or less compresssues, which pressure is more Such change ing ordisplacing said tissues.

of positional relation leads to a different of the mandible with reference.

registration to the maxilla with each bite and thereby arfects the adjustments made ;on an articulator.

According to my improved method of regthat the patient cannot bite to is'tration, all records are made with a definite and controllable closing force, which is abso lutely essential to secure. definite and repeatable registrations of jaw relations, incontradistinction to the method universally pr'ac ticedin which a relative change of )osition of the mandibular and the maxillary dentures and their supportingjaws, and consequently between the mandible and the maxilla occurs upon application of forces varying in magni cation.

For example, under established practice, dentures are mounted in'centric relation of the mandible to the maxilla with a record made irrespective of the pressures applied and the dentures accordingly mounted in'an articulator. Records are then taken in the protrusive relations irrespective of pressures on the ridges mountedin the recorded relation and the articulator adjusted to'the records thus obtained. I I

f The adjustment of the parts of the articu lator relied upon to meet the anatomical requirements vary, showing conclusively that the making of records .undervarying pressures results in a change in the relative positions between the. dentures and the support-1 ing mandible or. maxilla, and in consequence, inarelative change of position of the mandible to-the'maxilla.v It was believed logical which records aretaken under pressure is unreliable and impracticable andthis has been amply confirmed by extended'experiments.

The primary object of my invention is to register jaw relations when no forces are brought into action, for the purpose of making prosthetic restorations which are devoid of cusp interference during unstrained function to begin-with. i I

The method of preparing and registering records of maxillo-mandibular relations for mounting casts on and adjusting dental articulators in accordance with my invention is diagrammatically illustrated in the accom panying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a schematical illustration of a maxillary denture.

Fig. 2 is a' schematical illustration of the mandibular denture. V Fig. 3 1s a schemat cal illustratlonof a record produced in accordance with my invention.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are schematical illustra-i I e tude, direction and point or points of appli- I tions of a mandible and a maxilla with wax records made in accordance with my invention under different conditions.

Fig. 7 is a schematical View similar to Fig. 6, showing a record taken in accordance with customary practice and illustrating the supaortin tissues com ressed or dis )laced at the posterior ends thereof.

Designating the several parts illustrated in the. drawings, the numeral 8 designates the maxillary denture having a denture seat- 3 and between'the maxillary and mandibular" dentures in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, 1s designated by the numeral 14 and the record illustrated in Figs 4, 5 and 6 Iterm a rest record while the record illustrated in Fig. 7 I refer to as a bite record, the distinction being occasioned by reason of the fact that therest records are produced with a magnitude of force at zero, or in other words under no pressure,

while the bite record is produced under pres sure. This record has the upper and lower recordingor closing surfaces 15.

16 designates the maxilla, 17 the'glenoid fossa at the rear end thereof, 18 themandible having at its rear end the upstanding condyle head 19 between which and the wall ofthe glenoid fossa, fibro cartilage 20 is shown. he gleno'id fossa, the condyle head, and the fibre cartilage between the two form the condyle centers for the j aw members referred to as maxilla andmandible.

Between the maxilla and the maxillary denture supportingtissues 21 are illustrated,

and similar tissues 22 shown between the mandible and the mandibular denture.

Of all magnitudes, directions and points of application of forces which a patient could possibly apply in the act of making a dental record, there isonly one magnitude wh1ch 1s definite, and that is the magnitude nil, which may be termed zero, but a magnitude of force at zero h as no direction andno point or points of application of force, and consequently according to my method, which has been developed to register all jaw rela tions with a'closrng force designated zero,

.all transmission of muscular forces to the closing or recording surfaces 15 is'eliminated and the purpose of using the term closing force is to distinguish from the term biting force in which magnitude, direction, and point or points of application of forces are applied.

Biting, which implies closing with muscle stress, infers the action of force, and biting into wax or other like material is always at tended with an application of more or less .neath or above the ,occlusal rims force, depending upon the resistance of the wax.

In order to reduce the magnitude of forces to a minimum, the material whichis used for registration should be of a soft and even consistency, and the ultimate record itself r quires a consistent matrix or impression. Both qualifications are inherent with wax the li "st, when the same is heated, and the'secend when it is cooled or chilled. VJhile it is possibleto soften wax to av desired consist ency by heating, it is not alwaysjatt'ended with an even distribution, nor-with an even hardening or setting of the wax. Consequently, when biting into the wax, some parts or fragments of the recording surfaces 15 of fer a greater resistance than others, thereby causing an uncue compressionor displace ment of the occlusal rims 8 and 11, or their equivalents and of the tissues below or above and about the more resistive wax portions depending upon the resilient and like efiect of. the tissues. These parts, fragments, spots or areas, as they may be termed, underwhen pressed against the .tissues, become raised after pressure ceases and are detected by visual or digital observations, or both, -interpretation' by the dentistof the patients sense of touch,or by measurementswhen the'pa tient closes-into the recording surfaces 15 of thechilled record with no pressure applied.

Under my improved method the patient is directed. to close slowly into the recording surfaces 15 of the jaw relation registered and at the moment of contact of the recording sur faces, some of their parts may make prema ture contact, illustrated for example at 23,

Fig. 4c; 24, Fig. 5,; and 25', Fig. 6, and these parts will be found to have been the parts which, on account of local pressure, yielded ceased, as the case'may be.

with the-tissues and have become raised or; i V lowered'in part by the tissues after pressure;

pared softened wax, or other suitable -material, in the desired jaw relation, irrespective of the ssure he applies. Thewax having the impression therein is then'permitted to' chill. The patient is next directed to close the aws carefully and gently until the denture or occlusal rim 8 is felt or observed to come in contactwith the record thus far made and supported by the denture or occlusal rim 11, but without applying any pressure to said record. The parts of the record thus far made, not in contact with he denture or occlusal rim 8, are then noted, either by visual or digital observation, or by interpreting the patients sense of touch, and molten or softened wax is applied to those parts of preferably the upper recording sur-' faces 15 formed in the wax which are found to be spaced fromthe denture or rim 8, and

consequently have no contact therewith. The record is thus built up and the building up of the spaces is continued untileven contact throughout is achieved. This method of building up spaces may be, or is complemented by heating high spots of therecordwhere prematureContact was made so as to reduce the same, such high spots being detected in the same manner as the detectionlmade of the low spots or spaces. t mayv at times be found more expeditious to first reduce the high spots, which may be accomplished by heating and eliminating their bulk by closing movement of the jawsand then complementing this reduction by building up the spaces or low spots in the manne set forth. ()ne or the other of these operations may give the desired record, yet both operations are frequently applied alternately. In addition to a record thus made, a last operation may be resorted to by lightly heating one entire recording surface 15 of the record for a final closing and rechecking of the record.

By the term rest record I mean a record made with no jaw pressure applied, and by the term bite record I mean a record made solely with pressure applied. The, WaX may be" of a consistency permitting the first impression to be made therein withoutthe exerclse of force tending to compress the supporting tissues of the jaws and when the wax is of such consistency, even the first operation may be one exercised under no pressure, i. e. a rest record. a

Vfhcre in the claims, the'term wax is employed, it is intended to include anycomposition, or substance possessing, more or less, the qualities of wax, as-various dental compositions in addition to wax, are now be-' ing used for making dental records.

In preparing the wax or other substance for records, it is at times advisable tobuild up the same in horizontal strata and at other times in vertical strata upon the resistant base; or, the wax'or other substance may be employed in bulkform.

Having thus described my invention, what 'Iclaim is: g r

1. The method of producing dental'records, which consists in applying wax to'dentures or occlusal rims," in. then gentlyclosing the dentures or rims to produce impression records upon suitable recording surfaces of said wax without the application of pressure,

and in then forming the closing surface of said body of wax so as to contact throughout its entire length with its co-operating and determining element under no pressure.

2. The method of producing dental records, which consists in applying wax to dentures or occlusal "ims, in then closing the dentures orrims to form impressions in the wax and allowing the wax to'chill, in then gently closing the dentures or rims without pressure until contact at one or more points is made, and in finally: building uptheiwax at allxparts spaced from a denture orrim. i

3.. The method of producing a dental record, which consists in applying softened wax to a denture orocclusal rim,'-in forming a recording surface in saidwax by closing the aws without pressure, in then Iallowing the wax toharden, in then closing the j aws gently without pressure until contact is noted at one points bctweenzthe wax and the denr I rm devoid, of wamin'then softening the wax, and in finallyreducing the. bulk of the wax at the :pOHrtS of contactby closing movementsof thejaws.

anuscle stress transmitted at the closing or recording surfaces or compression or displacement of tissues of the jaws.

Y 5. The method of making dental records, which consists in making a wax impression of the denture on' the closingsurfaces of the dentures, in reducing the bulk of the wax along parts thereof and building up the remaining "parts thereof until, the recording surfaces contact at all points without the use of pressure. r

6. The method of making dental records, which consists in making a Wax impression of the denture, in determining points of con tact upon closing movement under no pres-1 sure,'and in reducing the bulk of the wax im-- pression along parts thereof until even clos- I ing contact under no pressure is made along the entire wax record ng surface. 7 The method of making dental records,

' which consists in making wax impression records of the closing surfaces of a denture, and in building up the Wax impression at parts thereof until contact along the entire recording surface so formed is had under no pressure. i 8. The method of making dental records, which consists in making a wax impression of the dentures, in then heating the wax at the high points, in then reducing the bulk of the wax along the heated parts by closing movement of the jaws and building .up'the remaining parts of the wax impression with molten wazgand in continuing both the reducing and building up steps alternately uns til all parts of therecord thus made are of even contact throughout their closing surfaces when under no pressure. I v

9. The method of making dental records which consists in making a denture impres- Ill) sion in heated wax, in allowingthe wax with void of Wax, and in then building'- up the the impression therein to cool, in then closing the dentures slowly to note points of contact of the denture devoid of wax with the wax record thus far made, in then applying soft wax to the parts of the wax record out of contactwithsaid denture until contact of said denture is made'along the entire recording' surface of said record, and in lightly heating one of the entire surfaces of the record thus made and slowly closing the jaws against said impression until contact under no pressure is made along the entire recording surface or surfaces, respectively, of said record.

10. The method of making a dental record,

which consists inbiting into a body of soft ened wax to form impressions therein and allowing'the wax to chill, in then closing the jaws slowly without pressure until contact is noted between'the wax and the denture dewax over the remaining portions thereof until under slow closing movementof the jaws without pressure all parts of the wax come in contact, with the denture devoid of wax without muscle stress transmitted at the closing or recording surfaces, or compression or displacement of the tissues of the jaws.

11. The method of, registering jaw rela: tions, which consists in applying wax toa denture or occlusal rim, in then biting into the wax'to form impressions in the closing 7 surface thereof,and in then forming the ture. A e i RUDOLPH L. HANAU. 

